Click here to learn more. Get expert advice from the ACS editor community in this brand-new video series. Click here to watch. Pair your accounts. Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect. Permission Requests and Credit Lines. Government when their contributions were made to the work. At the end of the Methods section, briefly describe the statistical tests used for the analysis.
State any a priori levels of significance and whether hypothesis tests were 1- or 2-sided. Also include the statistical software used to perform the analysis, including the version and manufacturer, along with any extension packages eg, the svy suite of commands in Stata or the survival package in R.
Do not describe software commands eg, SAS proc mixed was used to fit a linear mixed-effects model. If analysis code is included, it should be placed in the online supplementary content. If P values are reported, follow standard conventions for decimal places: for P values less than.
For secondary and subgroup analyses, there should be a description of how the potential for type I error due to multiple comparisons was handled, for example, by adjustment of the significance threshold.
In the absence of some approach, these analyses should generally be described and interpreted as exploratory, as should all post hoc analyses.
For randomized trials using parallel-group design, there is no validity in conducting hypothesis tests regarding the distribution of baseline covariates between groups; by definition, these differences are due to chance. Because of this, tables of baseline participant characteristics should not include P values or statements of statistical comparisons among randomized groups.
Instead, report clinically meaningful imbalances between groups, along with potential adjustments for those imbalances in multivariable models. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain and support the argument of the article and to report all outcomes identified in the Methods section. Number each table and figure and provide a descriptive title for each. Every table and figure should have an in-text citation.
Verify that data are consistently reported across text, tables, figures, and supplementary material. Frequency data should be reported as "No. Whenever possible, proportions and percentages should be accompanied by the actual numerator and denominator from which they were derived. This is particularly important when the sample size is less than Tables that include results from multivariable regression models should focus on the primary results. Provide the unadjusted and adjusted results for the primary exposure s or comparison s of interest.
If a more detailed description of the model is required, consider providing the additional unadjusted and adjusted results in supplementary tables. Do not duplicate data in figures and tables. For all primary outcomes noted in the Methods section, exact values with measures of uncertainty should be reported in the text or in a table and in the Abstract, and not only represented graphically in figures. Bar graphs should be used to present frequency data only ie, numbers and rates.
Avoid stacked bar charts and consider alternative formats eg, tables or splitting bar segments into side-by-side bars except for comparisons of distributions of ordinal data. Actual values not log-transformed values of relative data for example, odds ratios, hazard ratios should be plotted on log scales. For survival plots, include the number at risk for each group included in the analysis at intervals along the x-axis scale. For any figures in which color is used, be sure that colors are distinguishable.
All symbols, indicators, line styles, and colors in statistical graphs should be defined in a key or in the figure legend. Axes in statistical graphs must have labels. Units of measure must be provided for continuous data.
Note: All figures are re-created by journal graphics experts according to reporting standards using the JAMA Network style guide and color palette. Use the table menu in the software program used to prepare the text.
Avoid using tabs, spaces, and hard returns to set up the table; such tables will have to be retyped, creating delays and opportunities for error.
Tables should be single-spaced and in a or point font do not shrink the point size to fit the table onto the page. Do not draw extra lines or rules—the table grid will display the outlines of each cell. Each piece of data needs to be contained in its own cell. Do not try to align cells with hard returns or tabs; alignment will be imposed in the production system if the paper is accepted.
Although individual empty cells are acceptable in a table, be sure there are no empty columns. To show an indent, add 2 spaces. For additional detail on requirements for data presentation in tables, see Statistical Methods and Data Presentation.
Place each row of data in a separate row of cells, and note that No. In a table, provide a footnote with the conversion factor to SI units. To present data that span more than 1 row, merge the cells vertically. For example, in Table 2 the final column presents the P value for overall age comparisons. The table should be constructed such that the primary comparison reads horizontally. For example, see Table 3 incorrect and Table 4 correct. If a table must be continued, repeat the title and column headings on the second page, followed by " continued.
Footnotes to tables may apply to the entire table, portions eg, a column , or an individual entry. The order of the footnotes is determined by the placement in the table of the item to which the footnote refers. When both a footnote letter and reference number follow data in a table, set the superscript reference number first followed by a comma and the superscript letter.
Use superscript letters a, b, c to mark each footnote and be sure each footnote in the table has a corresponding note and vice versa. Number all figures graphs, charts, photographs, and illustrations in the order of their citation in the text.
The number of figures should be limited. Avoid complex composite or multipart figures unless justified. For initial manuscript submissions, figures must be of sufficient quality and may be embedded at the end of the file for editorial assessment and peer review. If a revision is requested and before a manuscript is accepted, authors will be asked to provide figures that meet the requirements described in Figure File Requirements for Publication.
Graphs, charts, some illustrations, titles, legends, keys, and other elements related to figures in accepted manuscripts will be re-created and edited according to JAMA Network style and standards prior to publication. Online-only figures will not be edited or re-created see Online-Only Supplements and Multimedia.
Preparation of scientific images clinical images, radiographic images, micrographs, gels, etc for publication must preserve the integrity of the image data. Digital adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color applied uniformly to an entire image are permissible as long as these adjustments do not selectively highlight, misrepresent, obscure, or eliminate specific elements in the original figure, including the background.
Selective adjustments applied to individual elements in an image are not permissible. Individual elements may not be moved within an image field, deleted, or inserted from another image. Cropping may be used for efficient image display or to deidentify patients but must not misrepresent or alter interpretation of the image by selectively eliminating relevant visual information.
When inappropriate image adjustments are detected by the journal staff, authors will be asked for an explanation and will be requested to submit the image as originally captured prior to any adjustment, cropping, or labeling. Authors may be asked to resubmit the image prepared in accordance with the above standards.
Each figure for the main article may be uploaded as a separate file or appended to the end of the manuscript with the figure titles and legends. Note: If a revision is requested and before acceptance, authors must upload each figure for the main article as a separate file and follow the instructions in Figure File Requirements for Publication. See the Table of Figure Requirements for additional guidance for specific types of figures for suggested resolution and file formats.
In general each figure should be no larger than 1 MB. Each figure for the main article must be uploaded as a separate file. See the Table of Figure Requirements for additional guidance and file formats for specific types of figures.
Files created by vector programs are best for accurately plotting and maintaining data points. JAMA Network journals are unable to use file formats native to statistical software applications to prepare figures for publication; most statistical software programs allow users to save or export files in digital vector formats. Images created digitally by digital camera or electronically created illustrations must meet the minimum resolution requirements at the time of creation. Electronically increasing the resolution of an image after creation causes a breakdown of detail and will result in an unacceptable poor-quality image.
Each component of a composite image must be uploaded separately at submission and individually meet the minimum resolution requirement. Digital cameras capture images in RGB. Do not change any color settings once the file is on the computer. Black-and-white photographs eg, radiographs, ultrasound images, CT and MRI scans, and electron micrographs can be submitted in either RGB or grayscale modes.
At the end of the manuscript, include a title for each figure. The figure title should be a brief descriptive phrase, preferably no longer than 10 to 15 words. A figure legend caption can be used for a brief explanation of the figure or markers if needed and expansion of abbreviations. For photomicrographs, include the type of specimen, original magnification or a scale bar, and stain in the legend.
For gross pathology specimens, label any rulers with unit of measure. Digitally enhanced images must be clearly identified in the figure legends as enhanced or manipulated, eg, computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance images, photographs, photomicrographs, x-ray films. Photographs, clinical images, photomicrographs, gel electrophoresis, and other types that include labels, arrows, or other markers must be submitted in 2 versions: one version with the markers and one without.
Provide an explanation for all labels, arrows, or other markers in the figure legend. The Figure field in the File Description tab of the manuscript submission system allows for uploading of 2 versions of the same figure. Refer to Categories of Articles because there may be a limit on the number of figures by article type. For images featuring patients or other identifiable persons, it is not acceptable to use black bars across the eyes in an attempt to deidentify.
Cropping may be acceptable as long as the condition under discussion is clearly visible and necessary anatomic landmarks display. Bar graphs are typically vertical but when categories have long titles or there are many of them, they may run horizontally.
If the data plotted are a percentage or rate, error bars may be used to show statistical variability. Acceptable File Formats for Initial Submission:. Acceptable File Formats for Revision and Publication:. To demonstrate the relationship between 2 or more quantitative variables, such as changes over time.
The dependent variable appears on the vertical axis y and the independent variable on the horizontal axis x ; the axes should be continuous, not broken. To show participant recruitment and follow-up or inclusions and exclusions such as in a systematic review. To display the proportion or percentage of individuals represented on the y-axis remaining free of or experiencing a specific outcome over time represented on the x-axis.
The number of individuals followed up for each time interval number at risk should be shown underneath the x-axis. Each element should be described the ends of the boxes, the middle line, and the whiskers. Data points that fall beyond the whiskers are typically shown as circles. Provide indicators of both directions of results at the top of the plot on either side of the vertical line eg, favors intervention. Typically, proportionally sized boxes represent the weight of each study and a diamond shows the overall effect at the bottom of the plot.
To display quantitative data other than counts or frequencies on a single scaled axis according to categories on a baseline horizontal or vertical. Point estimates are represented by discrete data markers, preferably with error bars in both directions to designate variability. To show individual data points plotted according to coordinate values with continuous, quantitative x- and y-axis scales.
A curve that is generated mathematically may be fitted to the data to summarize the relationship among the variables. To explain physiological mechanisms, describe clinical maneuvers and surgical techniques, or provide orientation to medical imaging.
To display clinical findings, experimental results, or clinical procedures, including medical imaging, photomicrographs, clinical photographs, and photographs of biopsy specimens. Legends for photomicrographs should include details about the type of stain used and magnification.
Authors may submit supporting material to accompany their article for online-only publication when there is insufficient space to include the material in the print article.
This material should be important to the understanding and interpretation of the report and should not repeat material in the print article. The amount of online-only material should be limited and justified. Online-only material should be original and not previously published. Online-only material will undergo editorial and peer review with the main manuscript. If the manuscript is accepted for publication and if the online-only material is deemed appropriate for publication by the editors, it will be posted online at the time of publication of the article as additional material provided by the authors.
This material will not be edited or formatted; thus, authors are responsible for the accuracy and presentation of all such material. Online-only material should be submitted in a single Word document with pages numbered consecutively. Each element included in the online-only material should be cited in the text of the main manuscript eg, eTable in the Supplement and numbered in order of citation in the text eg, eTable 1, eTable 2, eFigure 1, eFigure 2, eMethods.
The first page of the online-only document should list the number and title of each element included in the document. Online-only text should be set in Times New Roman font, 10 point in size, and single-spaced. The main heading of the online-only text should be in 12 point and boldface; subheadings should be in 10 point and boldface.
All references cited within the online-only document must be included in a separate reference section, including those that also were cited in the main manuscript. They should be formatted just as in the main manuscript and numbered and cited consecutively in the online-only material.
Online-only tables should be inserted in the document and numbered consecutively according to the order of citation as eTable 1, eTable 2, etc. The text and data in online tables should be Arial font, 10 point in size, and single-spaced. The table title should be set in Arial font, 12 point, and bold.
Headings within tables should be set in 10 point and bold. Table footnotes should be set in 8 point and single-spaced. See also instructions for Tables above. If a table runs on to subsequent pages, repeat the column headers at the top of each page. Wide tables may be presented using a landscape orientation. Online-only figures should be inserted in the document and numbered consecutively according to the order of citation as eFigure 1, eFigure 2, etc.
Figure titles should be set in Arial font, 12 point, bold, and single-spaced. Text within figures should be set as Arial font, 10 point. Figure legends should be set in 8 point and single-spaced. Graphs and diagrams should be exported directly out of the software application used to create them in a vector file format, such as.
Image file formats such as. Photographs, including all radiological images, should be prepared as. Photographs should be inserted in the document with the "Link to File" button turned off. Wide figures may be presented using a landscape orientation. For editorial and review of an initial submission, submit videos according to the following specifications:. For each video, provide an in-text citation eg, Video 1. At the end of the manuscript file, include a title a brief phrase, preferably no longer than 10 to 15 words and a caption that includes the file format and a brief explanation for each video.
The same title and caption must be entered in the designated fields in the manuscript submission system when uploading each video. If multiple video files are submitted, number them in the order in which they should be viewed. If patient s are identifiable in the video, authors must submit a Patient Permission form completed and signed by each patient.
See also Patient Identification. If the author does not hold copyright to the video, the author must obtain permission for the video to be published in the journal. This permission must be for unrestricted use in all print, online, and licensed versions of the journal. NOTE: If your manuscript and accompanying videos are accepted for publication, the video files will be placed into a journal video frame and will be edited by JAMA Network video production staff according to journal style.
In addition, a JAMA Network staff person may contact you to resubmit your videos to meet our production specifications. For example, a larger size may be needed, and if your videos were submitted with embedded text such as titles, annotations, labels, or captions, we will ask you to remove the text at this stage and resubmit the video without text, and JAMA Network video production will re-create all text using our house style.
For editorial and review of an initial submission, submit audio files according to the following minimum requirements:. For each audio file, provide an in-text citation. At the end of the manuscript, include a title a brief phrase, preferably no longer than words and a caption that includes the file format and a brief explanation for each audio. There is no maximum file size requirement for publication at this stage. As recommended by the ICMJE, "if the manuscript has been submitted previously to another journal, it is helpful to include the previous editors' and reviewers' comments with the submitted manuscript, along with the authors' responses to those comments.
Thus, authors are encouraged to submit these previous comments in their entirety and indicate how they have revised the manuscript in response to these comments, which may expedite the review process.
Authors will be sent notifications of the receipt of manuscripts and editorial decisions by email. During the review process, authors can check the status of their submitted manuscript via the online manuscript submission and review system.
Authors should not disclose the fact that their manuscript has been submitted to anyone, except coauthors and contributors, without permission of the editor. All submitted manuscripts are reviewed initially by one of the editors. Manuscripts are evaluated according to the following criteria: material is original and timely, writing is clear, study methods are appropriate, data are valid, conclusions are reasonable and supported by the data, information is important, and topic has general interest to readers of this journal.
From these basic criteria, the editors assess a paper's eligibility for publication. Manuscripts with insufficient priority for publication are rejected promptly. Other manuscripts are sent to expert consultants for peer review. The journal uses a single-blind peer review process: peer reviewer identities are kept confidential unless reviewers choose to reveal their names in their formal reviews ; author identities are made known to reviewers.
The existence of a manuscript under review is not revealed to anyone other than peer reviewers and editorial staff. Peer reviewers are required to maintain confidentiality about the manuscripts they review and must not divulge any information about a specific manuscript or its content to any third party without prior permission from the journal editors.
Information from submitted manuscripts may be systematically collected and analyzed as part of research to improve the quality of the editorial or peer review process.
Identifying information remains confidential. Final decisions regarding manuscript publication are made by an editor who does not have any relevant conflicts of interest. Authors may appeal decisions. All appeals are reviewed by the editor in chief, on a case-by-case basis, or a designated editor if the editor in chief is recused from the review. All authors are required to complete an Authorship Form and Publishing Agreement.
See Authorship Criteria and Contributions. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work, including changes made during editing and production that are authorized by the corresponding author. Authors should not disclose the fact that their manuscript has been accepted to anyone, except coauthors and contributors, until it is published without permission of the editor or as described in the guidance on Previous or Planned Meeting Presentaton or Release of Information and Embargo Policy.
For accepted manuscripts, the corresponding author will be asked to respond to letters to the editor. Reprints and e-prints may be ordered online when the edited manuscript is sent for approval to the corresponding author. Requests to publish corrections should be sent to the editorial office. Corrections are reviewed by editors and authors, published promptly, and linked online to the original article. First and last authors of peer-reviewed articles are eligible to receive CME credit.
Manuscripts are considered with the understanding that they have not been published previously and are not under consideration by another publication.
Copies of all related or similar manuscripts and reports by the same authors ie, those containing substantially similar content or using the same, similar, or a subset of data that have been previously published or posted electronically or are under consideration elsewhere must be provided at the time of manuscript submission.
All related previously published articles should be cited as references and described in the submitted manuscript along with explanation of how the submitted manuscript differs from the related previously published article s.
Manuscripts that have been previously posted on a preprint server may be submitted for consideration for publication. When the manuscript is submitted, authors must provide information about the preprint, including a link to it and a description of whether the submitted manuscript has been revised or differs from the preprint.
Meeting presentation: A complete manuscript submitted to the journal following or prior to presentation at a scientific meeting or publication of preliminary findings elsewhere ie, as an abstract is eligible for consideration for publication.
Authors considering presenting or planning to present the work at an upcoming scientific meeting should indicate the name and date of the meeting on the manuscript submission form. For accepted papers, the editors may be able to coordinate publication with the meeting presentation. Authors of submitted papers, including those accepted but not yet published, should not disclose the status of such papers during such meeting presentations that occur before the work is published.
Authors who present information contained in a manuscript that is under consideration by this journal during scientific or clinical meetings should not distribute complete reports ie, copies of manuscripts or full data presented as tables and figures to conference attendees or journalists. Publication of abstracts in print and online conference proceedings, as well as posting of slides or videos from the scientific presentation on the meeting website, is acceptable.
However, for manuscripts under consideration by this journal, publication of full reports in meeting proceedings or online, issuing detailed news releases reporting the results of the study that go beyond the meeting abstract, or participation in formal news conferences will ordinarily jeopardize chances for publication of the submitted manuscript in this journal.
Authors submitting manuscripts or letters to the editor regarding adverse drug or medical device reactions, reportable diseases, etc, should also report this information to the relevant government agency.
Authors should not release information about accepted manuscripts via social media until publication. Authors should not disclose the fact that their manuscript has been accepted to anyone, except coauthors and contributors, without permission of the editor until it is published. All information regarding the content and publication date of accepted manuscripts is strictly confidential. Unauthorized prepublication release of accepted manuscripts and information about planned publication date may result in rescinding the acceptance and rejecting the paper.
This policy applies to all categories of articles, including research, review, opinion, correspondence, etc. Information contained in or about accepted articles cannot appear in print, audio, video, or digital form or be released by the news media until the specified embargo release date.
All research articles are made free public access online 12 months after publication on the journal website. Authors have the option to choose the type of Publishing Agreement, either 1 a free no-fee public access option or 2 one of two author-pay open access options. These options will be available for authors to request at the time of manuscript submission. Reviewers and editors will be unaware of the request for open access until after a final decision is made.
For detailed information on public access, open access, copyright, and licensing, please see below. Free Public Access Option and Copyright Transfer All research articles, regardless of funding, that are accepted for publication will be made free access online 12 months after publication on the journal website and will be deposited on your behalf in PubMed Central.
If you choose this option, there are no fees and you will select A, B, or C for copyright transfer in the Publishing Agreement. All authors will be required to complete the Publishing Agreement that will indicate this Public Access Option before any manuscript can be accepted for publication.
Copyright Transfer. In consideration of the action of the American Medical Association AMA in reviewing and editing this submission manuscript, tables, figures, video, audio, and other supplemental files for publication , I hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the AMA, in the event that such work is published by the AMA.
Federal Employment. I was an employee of the US federal government or that of another nation when this work was conducted and prepared for publication; therefore, it is not protected by the Copyright Act, and copyright ownership cannot be transferred. Work for hire. I am employed by an institution that considers this submission a "work made for hire" and that requires an authorized representative of the institution to assign copyright on my behalf. All authors will be required to complete the Publishing Agreement that will indicate the Open Access Option before any manuscript can be accepted for publication.
CC-BY License Eligibility: Available only for authors of manuscripts reporting research funded by a not-for-profit foundation or agency or unfunded research. License rights: Immediate open access on journal website on the day of publication, retention of copyright, and a CC-BY license that permits others to distribute, remix, tweak, and build on the work, even commercially, without permission, provided that credit is given to the original authors and journal.
License rights: Immediate open access on journal website on the day of publication and a CC-BY-NC-ND license that permits others to distribute the work without permission, provided that credit is given to the original authors and journal and that the article is not altered or used commercially.
Open Access Waivers and Discounts Waivers and discounts on open access article processing charges are available for eligible authors from Hinari Core Offer countries. All research articles published after April will be deposited into PubMed Central PMC after publication and are publicly available 12 months after publication. If you have purchased an open access license, the article will be made immediate free access following deposit in PMC.
Authors of research articles published before April may deposit copies of the published article into PMC provided that the article not be made public access until 12 months after publication. These options apply only to research articles. Non-research articles may not be deposited into PMC.
Most of the JAMA Network journals' editorial policies for authors are summarized in these instructions. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. Each author should be accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done.
In addition, each author should be able to identify which coauthors are responsible for specific other parts of the work and should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of any coauthors. All those designated as authors should meet all 4 criteria for authorship, and all who meet the 4 criteria should be identified as authors.
Those who do not meet all 4 criteria should be acknowledged see Acknowledgment Section. All authors ie, the corresponding author and each coauthor must read, complete, and submit an electronic Authorship Form with required statements on Authorship Responsibility, Criteria, and Contributions; Confirmation of Reporting Conflicts of Interest and Funding; and Publishing Agreement. Requests by authors to designate equal contributions or shared authorship positions eg, co-first authorship may be considered if justified and within reason.
For reports of original data, authors' specific contributions will be published in the Acknowledgment section see Manuscript Preparation and Submission Requirements , Acknowledgment Section. Written permission to include the names of individuals in the Acknowledgment section must be obtained. The authors also must certify that the manuscript represents valid work and that neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under their authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere see also About Previous Release of Information, Embargo, and Access.
If requested, authors should be prepared to provide the data and must cooperate fully in obtaining and providing the data on which the manuscript is based for examination by the editors or their assignees. A single corresponding author or coauthor designee in the event that the corresponding author is unavailable will serve on behalf of all coauthors as the primary correspondent with the editorial office during the submission and review process. If the manuscript is accepted, the corresponding author will review an edited manuscript and proof, make decisions regarding release of information in the manuscript to the news media or federal agencies, handle all postpublication communications and inquiries, and will be identified as the corresponding author in the published article.
The corresponding author also is responsible for ensuring that the Acknowledgment section of the manuscript is complete see Acknowledgment Section and that the conflict of interest disclosures reported in the Acknowledgment section of the manuscript are accurate, up-to-date, and consistent with the information provided in each author's potential conflicts of interest section in the Authorship Form see Conflicts of Interest and Financial Disclosures.
The corresponding author also must complete the Acknowledgment statement part of the Authorship Form confirming that all persons who have contributed substantially but who are not authors are identified in the Acknowledgment section and that written permission from each person acknowledged has been obtained see Acknowledgment Section. Requests for co-corresponding authors will be considered on a very limited basis if justified, but no more than 2 co-corresponding authors will be permitted.
In such cases, a primary corresponding author must be designated as the point of contact responsible for all communication about the manuscript and article, manage the tasks described above, and will be listed first in the corresponding author section. Authors should determine the order of authorship among themselves and should settle any disagreements before submitting their manuscript.
Changes in authorship ie, order, addition, and deletion of authors should be discussed and approved by all authors. Any requests for such changes in authorship after initial manuscript submission and before publication should be explained in writing to the editor in a letter or email from all authors.
If authorship is attributed to a group either solely or in addition to 1 or more individual authors , all members of the group must meet the full criteria and requirements for authorship as described above, and all group member authors must complete Authorship Forms. Group authors may not be included for article types with limited numbers of authors eg, opinion articles.
In such cases, a group byline will be recommended with the individual names of each author listed at the end of the article. All author names would still be individually indexed, displayed, and easily searchable in bibliographic records such as PubMed. Nonauthor Collaborators: Other group members who do not meet the criteria for authorship eg, investigators, advisors, assistants may be identified.
This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. To find out more, see our Privacy and Cookies policy. Close cooke notice. Type to search. Articles published under the subscription model are fully protected by copyright.
Author rights under the subscription model Information on author rights for subscription articles can be found as follows: For most IOP journals : author rights page For AAS journals : contact permissions ioppublishing. An initial response to a query will usually be provided within two working days.
0コメント