Once connected, the computers can "see each other's hard drives" and swap data as easily as going from a thumb drive to a hard disk, only faster. This is a great way to share large files or copious amounts of data such as music or digital picture libraries. It is also completely private because data is not broadcast over a network.
A disadvantage of using an Ethernet crossover cable is that the two machines are joined by a physical cable so they must be in fairly close proximity.
Another potential disadvantage is that there is no optional built-in security as one has in a network. Once the two computers are directly connected, users can access anything in either machine that is not separately protected through active operating system permissions or encryption.
Hence, each cable end has eight wires and corresponding pinouts. Both ends use the same wiring standard: TA or TB. So both side connector A and connector B of patch cable have wire arrangement with same patch cable colors as shown in the following picture. These patch cables are widely used for connecting the computer to the switches, hubs, or routers. Crossover cable, as the name suggests, cross over or swap on its way when coming from one end to the other.
Unlike patch cable, crossover cable uses two different wiring standards on both end: one end uses the TA wiring standard, and the other end uses the TB wiring standard. Both side connector A and connector B of crossover cable have wire arrangement with different color, and the wires that come out of the connector A should match the correct pin at the connector B.
As shown in the following wiring scheme, you can see that Pin 1 on connector A goes to Pin 3 on connector B, pin 2 to pin 6, pin 3 to pin 1 and pin 6 to pin 2, etc. The crossover cables are mainly used for connecting two routers, computers, or hubs. In brief, a crossover cable connects two devices of the same type to communicate together, like a PC to a PC, or a switch to a switch.
The patch cable connects two different devices to each other, like a PC and a switch. The following scenarios will explain the different applications. If we have two computers connected directly to each other. And both PCs try to transmit on TX wire, their signals will collide. Moreover, nothing will be sent on RX wire. Therefore, neither computer will be able to receive anything.
Sites like this one spell out how to connect the wires within the cable to the correct pinouts on the RJ connectors to do the crossover. This site spells out how you would configure two PCs running Windows 98 and above to talk to each other once a crossover cable is in place.
Now, the need for crossover cables has been eliminated with more modern equipment. Gigabit Ethernet was created with a widely used option called Auto-MDIX automatic medium-dependent interface crossover. This technology detects whether you need a crossover cable or a straight-through cable, and it automatically configures the network interface card accordingly. Thanks to this technology, if you are using Gigabit Ethernet, chances are you will be able to connect your PCs or hubs with regular, straight-through cables, and the NICs on either end will detect the cable and adjust accordingly.
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