The FNC is empowered to call and question Ministers in regard to their own performance, providing an additional degree of accountability to the system. Groundbreaking developments to open up decisionmaking were made in December , with the first indirect election of FNC members.
Under these reforms, individual Rulers select an electoral college whose members total times the number of FNC members held by that Emirate. The members of each college then elect half of the FNC members, while the other half continue to be appointed by each Ruler. The most recent elections occurred in Amal Al Qubaisi.
Since each emirate initially had its system of government, the development of federal powers has been slow. UAE's Constitution divides the federal powers into the judicial, legislative and executive branches.
Besides, the executive and legislative powers are further divided into emirate and federal jurisdictions. The Constitution also established the role and position of both the President and the Vice President who are elected rulers from the seven emirates. The seven rulers form the Federal Supreme Council comprising of both a chairperson and vice chairman who are elected to serve a term of five years, the cabinet lead by the Prime Minister, and an independent judiciary including the Federal Supreme Court.
Other members of the Federal Supreme Council include 40 members of the National Assembly, a supreme council of rulers, members of a consultative body featuring partially elected and appointed members by rulers of the seven emirates.
The elections are not based on a party system, but on individual candidates. There are no political parties in the UAE, because political parties are forbidden.
The legal system of the UAE is based on a dual system of Sharia and civil courts. Judges are appointed by the president. Each emirate has its own local government, and municipal governments.
The constitution established the distribution of authority for each level of government. President is appointed by hereditary state rulers and the prime minister is appointed by the president. Courts act in accordance with interpretations of Islamic law but are accountable to the secular Federal Supreme Court. Federal National Council Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani 20 members are appointed by hereditary state rulers and 20 members are indirectly elected by an electoral college.
Government Type: Federation of Emirates.
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